Antibody-drug conjugates, or ADCs, are among the most important advances in modern cancer therapy. They combine the targeting precision of an antibody with the potent effects of a cytotoxic drug. This allows tumor cells to be targeted more selectively than with many conventional chemotherapeutic agents.

Severe bleeding from internal organs is one of the greatest challenges in surgery and trauma care. The liver, spleen, kidneys, and lungs are particularly difficult to treat because these organs are soft, highly vascularized, and mechanically delicate. Conventional methods such as suturing, cauterization, or vessel ligation are not always feasible and may additionally damage healthy tissue.